From Right to Left it Had No End: Better Prioritization

A criminal intelligence system is a vital resource for crime control. Such a system not only enhances the effectiveness of an agency’s component law enforcement arms but also, as a central repository of criminal intelligence information, contributes to a more productive exchange of information among law enforcement organizations. Operational intelligence collection and analysis support both routine case investigations and complex investigative research projects. Strategic intelligence analysis serves a broad spectrum of crime control needs both within and without the agency; internally in the areas of planning, the allocation of resources, and the development of sound law-enforcement  strategies; and externally in responding to requests for crime trend analysis. A vital criminal intelligence system involves more than compiling data that is used primarily to react to immediate investigative needs. Lack of a fully developed strategic and tactical intelligence capability seriously hinders the ability of a law enforcement agency to accurately measure and prevent organized, serious crime within its jurisdiction, or to anticipate crime threats that can significantly affect the jurisdiction from without. This, in turn, has been a stumbling block in the development of scientific crime control strategy that would have a measurable impact on the effects of crime. Information is unprocessed data of various kinds that may be used in the production of intelligence. A sizable volume of such information may be retrieved from computer databases.

 

As a functional activity, intelligence is the end product of information that has been subjected to the intelligence process: planning/direction, collection/evaluation, collation, analysis, and dissemination or reporting. By its very nature, intelligence is a form of knowledge that is usually more than information but less than firmly established fact. In its broadest terms, intelligence is knowledge and foreknowledge that can be used to advance or defend the interests of organized society. Ideally, intelligence provides meaningful, useable knowledge that is accurate and timely. Such intelligence gives the consumer a factual description of a state of affairs, an interpretation of current events, or the forecasting of future events or trends.

 

The intelligence process encompasses a series of interrelated functions:

 

1.        Planning the intelligence effort, often as a formal or joint exercise, involving the setting of priorities and specific requirements for collection of information

2.        Directing the intelligence effort, usually by management, in accordance with agreed plans or guidelines

3.        Collecting pieces of information from various sources

4.        Evaluating that information as to its accuracy and usefulness

5.        Collating or systematically organizing the information for storage and retrieval

6.        Analyzing the information to determine its meaning in reference to a criminal investigation or assessment

7.        Disseminating or reporting the findings of the analysis.

 

 

 

The intelligence process may be conveniently represented as a cycle, and is often called the intelligence cycle. Some schematic diagrams give the erroneous impression that the intelligence process must be followed in rigid sequence. In actual practice, the functions are not necessarily sequential: management may query the analysis section on matters that were not foreseen in the planning process; a competent analysis that falls short of expectations  because of insufficient information may spur better targeted collection; a productive source or acquisition of information may induce the analysis section to recommend broadening the scope of their research; and so on. Criminal intelligence refers to the holdings of information on known or suspected persons involved in criminal activity or the conclusions resulting from the analysis of criminal data and information collected on persons known or suspected of being involved in criminal activity. Tactical intelligence affords direct and immediate support to investigative activity. This immediately usable information has been quickly retrieved from manual files or computer databases and has not been subjected to comprehensive analysis. Name checks, identifiers, criminal histories, criminal associations, and street prices for drugs are typical items of tactical intelligence. Such information is usually needed on a short-term basis, or for relatively uncomplicated cases. Formal reports would not be a likely form of dissemination for intelligence of this nature. Operational intelligence details patterns, modus operandi, and vulnerabilities of criminal organizations. Rather than focusing on the offenses committed by individual violators, operational intelligence affords a broader understanding of the workings of the criminal enterprise: superior-subordinate relationships, formal versus informal leadership, the rules of the organization, its management practices, its degree of dominance in particular criminal industries, and the factors that contribute to its success. Intelligence activity of this type results in the production of formal reports that may include recommendations for future action. The direct application of this enforcement–oriented analysis to an active operation leads to better prioritization of cases for maximum enforcement effectiveness against criminal activities as well as the most efficient utilization of investigative resources.

 

Strategic intelligence provides an overview of the scope and character of criminal activity, contributing to the development of effective strategies (e.g., prevention, containment, attrition, or displacement) to reduce the harmful economic and social effects associated with one or more categories of criminal activity. Strategic intelligence analysis serves the needs not only of the originating enforcement organization but also of legislative and executive consumers that depend upon its insights in developing broad policy and programs. Thus, for example, an analysis of the supply of illegal drugs would deal with the sources of drugs, the number of people involved in drug abuse and drug distribution, the volume of drugs consumed, the corresponding money drain from economy, the health consequences, and other societal costs associated with drug abuse.

 

 

Crime data analysis involves a systematic study of daily crime activities in order to determine the types of crimes being committed, where and when these crimes are being committed, and the types of persons being victimized. This activity typically produces statistical outputs detailing the incidence of crime by city subdivision and neighborhood by day of the week and time of day. State-of-the-art crime mapping software programs can generate a variety of crime incidence map overlays. The primary purpose of crime data analysis is to identify high-incidence crime neighborhoods for higher-order crime pattern analysis.

 

Acknowledgements:

www.aived.nl    AIVD ©

Algemene Bestuursdienst – @Erik Akerboom ©

www.politie.nl  Politiekorpschef  @Janny Knol©

www.politie.nl WEB Politie - @Henk van Essen©

https://english.marechaussee.nl  Royal Netherlands Marechaussee    @Willem-Alexander King of the Netherlands©

 

 

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