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  After alcohol and some pharmaceutical drugs, carbon monoxide poisoning is probably the most common toxic condition to be met with in routine forensic pathology. The widespread introduction of natural gas (which contains no carbon monoxide) as a replacement for 'coal gas' as a heating fuel has removed a major source of the poison. Monoxide still provides lethal dangers in many other ways, however. It is produced whenever fossil fuels are incompletely oxidized to carbon dioxide and, because of its great affinity for haemoglobin, even low concentrations can be cumulative. There are a vast number of publications on carbon monoxide toxicity, both in an environmental and industrial context. Once again, this discussion is confined to the pathologist's involvement in fatalities. A body coming to autopsy with suspected (or sometimes unsuspected) carbon monoxide poisoning, will have suffered that toxic condition by the following means. Since the replacement of coal gas (containing ...

  A teacher of international students will find over time that the countries of origin of students change, or their motivation to learn English as instrumental or integrative changes. Immigration patterns change— different age groups, different gender balance, different educational levels, and different countries of origin to name a few possibilities. Even when teaching English in the Expanding Circle, learners’ goals may change—from English being a required course of study to be endured, to strong motivation to use English on Facebook or other emerging technologies of communication. It is impossible for us to provide an understanding of all the contexts in which you might work. Some may not even exist yet. For example, teachers who were trained in the 1970s or 1980s had no notion that they would need to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) into their practise. Those of us who were trained in the audiolingual method, which required repetition of grammatical stru...